Biography of Samuel Alito, Supreme Court Justice

Life story of Samuel Alito, Supreme Court Justice Samuel Anthony Alito Jr. (conceived on April 1, 1950) is a Supreme Court equity who has served on the court since January 31, 2006. He is known for being one of the most traditionalist judges in current history. His epithet is Scalito in light of the fact that his political perspectives and decisions are like that of the late Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia. Quick Facts: Samuel Alito Occupation: Justice of the Supreme Court of the United StatesBorn: April 1, 1950 in Trenton, New JerseyParents: Samuel Alito and Rose (Fradusco) AlitoEducation: Princeton University, AB, 1972; Yale University, JD, 1975Key Accomplishments: National Italian American Foundation (NIAF) Special Achievement Award for Public ServiceSpouse: Martha-Ann (Bomgardner) Alito Children: Philip and LauraOffbeat Fact: Alito is aâ longtime devotee of the Philadelphia Phillies. Early Life and Education Samuel Alito Jr. was destined to Samuel Alito Sr. what's more, Rose (Fradusco) Alito on April 1, 1950 in Trenton, New Jersey. His dad was an Italian foreigner and his mom was Italian-American. Them two filled in as teachers. As a youngster, Samuel Alito Jr. experienced childhood in suburbia and went to a government funded school. He took an interest in a wide scope of clubs and was the valedictorian of his senior class. After secondary school, he went to Princeton University, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in history and political theory. Alito then took a crack at Yale Law School and graduated with a Juris Doctor in 1975. Early Career Alito fantasized sitting on the Supreme Court when he was still at Princeton, yet it would be many years before he accomplished that objective. Somewhere in the range of 1976 and 1977, Alito filled in as a law representative for Leonard I. Garth, a Nixon-delegated judge on the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. In 1977, Alito accepting work as the Assistant US Attorney for the District of New Jersey, and in 1981, he started filling in as the Assistant to the US Solicitor General. Alito held this activity until 1985, when he became Deputy Assistant to the US Attorney General. In 1987, President Ronald Reagan designated Alito as the US Attorney for the District of New Jersey. Alito kept on climbing the positions in the courts. In 1990, he was designated to the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit in Newark, New Jersey by President George H.W. Bramble. A couple of months after the designation, the Senate collectively affirmed Alito with a voice vote. He would fill in as an adjudicator on this court for a long time. During that time, he had a record of giving preservationist assessments. For instance, he was of the sentiment that ladies ought to be required to inform their spouses about arranged premature births and was the main disagreeing voice in a third Circuit deciding that struck down a Pennsylvania law, known as the Pennsylvania Abortion Control Act of 1982. Preeminent Court Nomination Sandra Day OConnor, the principal lady to serve on the US Supreme Court, resigned in 2006. She was a traditionalist, Reagan-designated Justice. Despite the fact that she agreed with the other moderate judges much of the time, she wasnt consistently unsurprising in her choices and was ordinarily seen as the swing vote. When OConnor declared her retirement, Republicans sought after a progressively moderate substitution. President George W. Shrub initially assigned John Roberts for the seat, however pulled back the selection. Harriet Miers was President Bushs second designation, yet she pulled back when it became apparent that there was boundless restriction to her assignment. President Bush assigned Samuel Alito for OConnors seat on October 31, 2005. The American Bar Associations Standing Committee on Federal Judiciary gave Alito an all around qualified rating, which is the most noteworthy rating that can be gotten. Numerous traditionalists and professional life advocates cheered the selection, yet not every person upheld Alito. Democrats communicated worry that he was a hard right traditionalist, and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) officially restricted the designation. The Senate in the long run affirmed Alitos selection in a 58-42 vote. Alito was confirmed as a partner equity to the US Supreme Court on January 31, 2006. Heritage During his residency as a Supreme Court equity, Alito has demonstrated to be a dependable moderate vote. He has utilized his translation of the law and his political philosophies to move the law to one side in a few territories, including womens regenerative rights and strict freedom. Probably the greatest cases he has dealt with during his Supreme Court residency incorporate Burwell v. Diversion Lobby, Morse v. Frederick, and Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Inc. Every year, the Supreme Court takes on blockbuster cases identified with probably the most troublesome issues in the nation. This implies Justice Samuel Alito has a lot of chances to add to his inheritance and leave his ideological imprint. Sources Gorod, Tom Donnelly Brianne. â€Å"None to the Right of Samuel Alito.†Ã‚ The Atlantic, 30 Jan. 2016, www.theatlantic.com/governmental issues/document/2016/01/none to one side of-samuel-alito/431946/.Houck, Aaron M., and Brian P. Smentkowski. â€Å"Samuel A. Alito, Jr.†Ã‚ Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 29 June 2018, www.britannica.com/history/Samuel-An Alito-Jr.â€Å"Samuel Alito Fast Facts.†Ã‚ CNN, Cable News Network, 28 Mar. 2018, www.cnn.com/2013/02/03/us/samuel-alito-quick realities/index.html.

Working More and Feeling Better – Journal Article Summary

Reference Schnittker, Jason. 2007. â€Å"Working More and Feeling Better: Women’s Health, Employment, and Family Life, 1974-2004. American Sociological Review 72(2):221-238. This examination explores the connection between women’s business and wellbeing not at all like different investigations, which have utilized emotional well-being as the result. The examination addresses tended to in this investigation were: Has the wellbeing of ladies improved or declined? Has the sexual orientation hole in wellbeing adjusted and, provided that this is true, why?Does incorporating long work hours with thinking about a youngster lessen the connection among business and wellbeing and, assuming this is the case, have current work-family designs limited any additions in wellbeing? Schnittker remembered changes for structure (e. g. , are more ladies enduring since more ladies are joining their occupations with bringing up a kid) and changes in affiliation (e. g. , do the checked upgrad es in wellbeing identified with business exercise with the introduction of a kid). The adjustments in arrangement and changes in affiliation were inspected with total patterns in health.The free factors in this examination were women’s work hours, training and family pay. The needy variable was self-evaluated wellbeing. Detailed work hours were isolated into four classes and the reference classification was â€Å"not working† for this examination. A few control factors were, too, that are identified with getting patterns. Training was separated into four classifications with â€Å"less than high school† as the reference class. Family salary utilized a consistent of $1, 986 dollars.Schnittker broke down whether youngsters were in the home as opposed to centering what number of kids as a result of the different work-family changes and various degrees of obligation that accompany children’s various ages. For this examination, separate sham factors were utili zed having a kid younger than 6 and having a youngster somewhere in the range of 6 and 17 years of age with having no kids younger than 18 years of age by and by in the home. The examination utilized information from the total General Social Survey (GSS) taken between 1974-2004. The GSS is spoken to broadly and utilizes a zone likelihood sample.The overview asked responders to self-rate their wellbeing as poor, reasonable, food, or astounding. Self-evaluated wellbeing predicts sexual orientation contrasts, is a pointer of bleakness and indicator of mortality. Discoveries from the GSS were checked utilizing the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) taken between 1997-2004. The NHIS additionally gave information concerning the present wellbeing patterns. Information from the NHIS was created by close to home in-home meetings. The patterns in the sexual orientation wellbeing hole in this investigation utilized controls for year, sex, connections among sex and year, and age and age-sq uared.Age and age-squared were utilized to represent the maturing populace, which is crucial for this examination since there are sex contrasts in future. Discoveries propose that the sex hole shut essentially during the 30-year time frame. Women’s self-wellbeing has altogether improved and men’s self-appraised wellbeing somewhat expanded until 1990. Men’s self-appraised wellbeing has been on a consistent decrease since the time at that point. These outcomes propose a connection between the patterns in women’s developing self-appraised wellbeing and the sex hole closing.Once Schnittker utilized controls for instruction in his investigation it indicated that the upgrades in women’s wellbeing can be inferable from training. At the point when instruction was supplanted with business status and family pay it demonstrated that a portion of the upgrades in women’s wellbeing can be credited to the ascent in women’s work, yet not close as muc h as training. The connection between work-family examples and wellbeing were inspected when Schnittker presented whether the responder had a kid. His discoveries additionally show that work hours and having a small kid are very related.He discovered that having a youngster under 6 causes a decrease in livelihoods positive effects on wellbeing. Controls for money somewhat decreased the negative relationship. Discoveries concerning the connection between work hours and having a youngster in the home show that fathers report developed self-evaluated wellbeing when working all day and mothers’ self-appraised wellbeing radically diminished. All the more prominently, the discoveries show that the two people report more awful self-appraised wellbeing when the consolidate work with bringing up children.Out of every autonomous variable, the one that affected the lessening of the sexual orientation hole was business. Training, work hours, and having a youngster all influenced the end of the sex hole, yet not as essentially as business. Schnittker’s discoveries likewise recommend that self-evaluated wellbeing for ladies would improve considerably more if their normal work hours were exactly the same as men’s normal work hours. Another outstanding discovering comes out of the incorporation of family salary. His discoveries propose that if the wages of ladies were equivalent to the bets of men their self-evaluated wellbeing would improve significantly.He likewise found that the development of the time tie has smothered women’s self-appraised wellbeing, particularly lately. (Schnittker 2007; 233). He additionally found that the time tie just marginally smothered women’s self-evaluated wellbeing and that in the long haul, more ladies working and accomplishing more significant levels of instruction have had substantially more of an effect on their self-appraised wellbeing. Schnittker’s results show that instruction and business are t o a great extent affecting the sexual orientation hole. Schnittker’s study demonstrates that women’s wellbeing on normal was accounted for to be more regrettable than men’s.The factors which he traits the distinction self-appraised wellbeing are the patterns identified with women’s expanded nearness in the work power and the expansion in the quantity of ladies a more significant levels on instruction. Schnittker’s study is astounding. His discoveries are solid explanations behind change to happen with the business terms of ladies today. Self-evaluated wellbeing is sketchy since it is â€Å"self-rated†. Additionally, the term â€Å"health† in the investigation could be physical wellbeing or psychological well-being. Schnittker traits the His work demonstrates that more research is required around there of study.

Review English Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises

Review English Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises English Grammar in Use (Supplementary Exercises) isnt the sort of book that one reviews, so I will keep this brief.Freshly updated for 2019, this book complements the new fifth edition of English Grammar in Use by providing additional practice exercises for students to work through. And exercises are all you get here there arent any explanations provided.The exercises are fine. They seem to be more contextualized than in the main book, which means they are more likely to take the form of emails, dialogs and articles. Thats a great choice for a supplementary book that digs deeper than a primary classroom textbook.The exercises in the book are match the units in the main book, but since this is a shorter book it combines units. Note that these arent always sequential (it starts with five pages of exercises about units 1-4 and 19 and 25), but the groupings are logical and obvious.Overall, I do recommend this book to intermediate level students and teachers just as long as you already h ave the main book.I should also mention that unlike the main book, this one is in black and white and is printed on non-glossy paper. That means it is much cheaper.Finally, I havent seen the fourth edition of the book, so I dont know exactly how much it has been updated. Anyways, that edition seems to be selling for even more than this one, so I guess you dont need to bother with it.

400 Million Years of Shark Evolution

If you went back in time and looked at the first, unremarkable prehistoric sharks of the Ordovician period--about 420 million years ago--you might never guess that their descendants would become such dominant creatures, holding their own against vicious marine reptiles like pliosaurs and mosasaurs and going on to become the apex predators of the worlds oceans. Today, few creatures in the world inspire as much fear as the Great White Shark, the closest nature has come to a pure killing machine--if you exclude Megalodon, which was 10 times bigger. Before discussing shark evolution, though, its important to define what we mean by shark. Technically, sharks are a suborder of fish whose skeletons are made out of cartilage rather than bone; sharks are also distinguished by their streamlined, hydrodynamic shapes, sharp teeth, and sandpaper-like skin. Frustratingly for paleontologists, skeletons made of cartilage dont persist in the fossil record nearly as well as skeletons made of bone--which is why so many prehistoric sharks are known primarily (if not exclusively) by their fossilized teeth. The First Sharks We dont have much in the way of direct evidence, except for a handful of fossilized scales, but the first sharks are believed to have evolved during the Ordovician period, about 420 million years ago (to put this into perspective, the first tetrapods didnt crawl up out of the sea until 400 million years ago). The most important genus that has left significant fossil evidence is the difficult-to-pronounce Cladoselache, numerous specimens of which have been found in the American midwest. As you might expect in such an early shark, Cladoselache was fairly small, and it had some odd, non-shark-like characteristics--such as a paucity of scales (except for small areas around its mouth and eyes) and a complete lack of claspers, the sexual organ by which male sharks attach themselves (and transfer sperm to) the females. After Cladoselache, the most important prehistoric sharks of ancient times were Stethacanthus, Orthacanthus, and Xenacanthus. Stethacanthus measured only six feet from snout to tail but already boasted the full array  of shark features: scales, sharp teeth, a distinctive fin structure, and a sleek, hydrodynamic build. What set this genus apart were the bizarre, ironing-board-like structures atop the backs of males, which were probably somehow used during mating. The equally ancient Stethacanthus and Orthacanthus were both fresh-water sharks, distinguished by their small size, eel-like bodies, and odd spikes protruding from the tops of their heads (which may have delivered jabs of poison to bothersome predators). The Sharks of the Mesozoic Era Considering how common they were during the preceding geologic periods, sharks kept a relatively low profile during most of the Mesozoic Era,  because of intense competition from marine  reptiles like ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs. By far the most successful genus was Hybodus, which was built for survival: this prehistoric shark had two types of teeth, sharp ones for eating fish and flat ones for grinding mollusks, as well as a sharp blade jutting out of its dorsal fin to keep other predators at bay. The cartilaginous skeleton of Hybodus was unusually tough and calcified, explaining this sharks persistence both in the fossil record and in the worlds oceans, which it prowled from the Triassic to the early Cretaceous periods. Prehistoric sharks really came into their own during the middle Cretaceous period, about 100 million years ago. Both Cretoxyrhina (about 25 feet long) and Squalicorax (about 15 feet long) would be recognizable as true sharks by a modern observer; in fact, theres direct tooth-mark evidence that Squalicorax preyed on dinosaurs that blundered into its habitat. Perhaps the most surprising shark from the Cretaceous period is the recently discovered Ptychodus, a 30-foot-long monster whose numerous, flat teeth were adapted to grinding up tiny mollusks, rather than large fish or aquatic reptiles. After the Mesozoic After the dinosaurs (and their aquatic cousins) went extinct 65 million years ago, prehistoric sharks were free to complete their slow evolution into the remorseless killing machines we know today. Frustratingly, the fossil evidence for the sharks of the Miocene epoch (for example) consists almost exclusively of teeth--thousands and thousands of teeth, so many that you can buy yourself one on the open market for a fairly modest price. The Great White-sized Otodus, for example, is known almost exclusively by its teeth, from which paleontologists have reconstructed this fearsome, 30-foot-long shark. By far the most famous prehistoric shark of the Cenozoic Era  was Megalodon, adult specimens of which measured 70 feet from head to tail and weighed as much as 50 tons. Megalodon was a true apex predator of the worlds oceans, feasting on everything from whales, dolphins, and seals to giant fish and (presumably) equally giant squids; for a few million years, it may even have preyed on the equally ginormous whale Leviathan. No one knows why this monster went extinct about two million years ago; the most likely candidates include climate change and the resulting disappearance of its usual prey.

U.s. A Multicultural Country - 1045 Words

In terms of diversity, the U.S. contains a lot of history, which makes them what they are now. Both the U.S. as well as Latin America were colonies, achieved independence movements and were directly influenced by countries like Spain and France. The difference relies that in the U.S., these European countries remained for a longer period of time, making the U.S. a multicultural country. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Queens, a major area of New York City is considered to be â€Å"the most diverse place on the planet† (Colangelo). There is also the Diversity Visa Program, in which the U.S. randomly allocates 55,000 visas around the world. In this program, people from six geographic regions can register for the lottery and there†¦show more content†¦There are mostly no prejudices against religion and skin color, most of the Latin people gather together and find ways to support each other, no matter where they are, they like to keep in touch and help th e ones with less experience. Overall this supportive characteristic of Latin people should be applied to the U.S. culture in order to create a more unified country and improve the way their society develops. This could help stop riots, mass shootings and violence acts towards people from different religion which has been increasing in the U.S. in the last 5 years. The sentiment of integration and inclusion is something the U.S. hasn’t developed yet. In the case of Latin culture, whenever they feel they are not being respected and that their differences are not taken into consideration, their sentiment of integration towards the American culture decreases and there is when riots and protests trigger. But on the other side, when these people are taking into account as part of the U.S. many things including economy, safety and legal issues have positive effects. Although, at some point people from Latin America are running away from their country because of political and economi c problems, there should be agreements, which are the reforms in the immigration policies in order to stop this cycle and create better andShow MoreRelatedAssignment 2 : A Multicultural Society807 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment 2: The Application Paper Keitha Williams October 18, 2017 Argosy University Assignment 2: The Application Paper A multicultural society is where a diverse group of races, cultures, and different ethical background coexist together in a country, state, city, community or neighborhoods. Basically, a ground of people from different backgrounds living together in the same community. Multiculturalism is when these diverse groups have the same rights and treatment in societyRead MoreMulticultural Psychology Paper1094 Words   |  5 PagesMulticultural Psychology Paper Multicultural Psychology Paper Multicultural psychology is the systematic study of all aspects of human behavior as it occurs in settings where people of different cultural backgrounds encounter each other. Multiculturalism has been considered a fourth force in the field of psychology, supplementing behaviorism, psychodynamic theories, and humanistic psychology. It explores such topics as differences in worldviews and in means of communication; the acculturationRead MoreEducating Through A Multicultural Perspective Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesEducating Through a Multicultural Perspective What the Research Says? Defining Multicultural Education The United States serves as a culturally rich country who opens its arms to individuals from many different ethnicities, backgrounds, and life experiences. 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The Story of an Hour Analysis Free Essays

On â€Å"The Story of an Hour† â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† a short story by Kate Chopin, details the events of the short hour when Mrs. Mallard finds out her husband has died, only to see him walking through the door. Chopin makes it clear through the structure of the story that the irony of these events is no coincidence; there is conflict when people are oppressed and their soul has no joy or freedom. We will write a custom essay sample on The Story of an Hour Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is clear in the exposition that Mrs. Mallard is afflicted with heart trouble, implying she is weak, both physically and emotionally. Her sister Josephine and her husband’s friend, Richard, know how fragile she is so, â€Å"great care was taken† to break the news of Mr. Mallard’s death. Following the news of her husband’s death, Mrs. Mallard, â€Å"wept at once†¦in her sister’s arms,† showing her dependence on others. As the immediate feeling of grief spent itself, she went up to her room to be alone with her thoughts. Although she is at first weak, someone who is completely emotionally unstable would not be so willing to go be alone in her room to grief. There is obviously some want to be self dependent and free. The story’s rising action builds through a series of scenery descriptions. After Mrs. Mallard has gone up to her room, she faces an open window. The blue sky â€Å"showing here and there† and â€Å"countless sparrows† twittering outside were mentioned, symbolizing happiness and peace. Mrs. Mallard is then described by the narrator as a woman with â€Å"a dull stare in her eyes,† as she fixed her gaze on the blue sky, as if finally realizing that they were there. The details of the rising actions transition into the climax, where Mrs. Mallard feels an emotion â€Å"approaching to possess her. † After the realization that â€Å"there would be no one to live for† for the rest of her life Mrs. Mallard continues to whisper under her breath, â€Å"Free! Body and soul free! † This moment is filled with joy; however a turn of events could be predicted to come soon as she prayed â€Å"that life might be long. † At the falling action of the story, Mrs. Mallard leaves the room with the open window with a â€Å"feverish triumph in her eyes. † She is unquestionably a confident and new woman as she walks down the stairs with her sister. The story concludes with the denouement in which Brently Mallard enters the front door, unharmed. The shock of his homecoming is extremely evident through Josephine’s â€Å"piercing cry† and Richard quickly trying to block him from the view of his wife. Mrs. Mallard apparently has a heart attack and dies â€Å"of the joy that kills. † By the time Mrs. Mallard realizes that because her husband has died she will now be able to experience the joy of freedom, â€Å"the face of this possession† has unexpectedly walked in through the door. Although most would expect the weak Mrs. Mallard to die when hearing the news of her husband’s death, it is seeing him alive and realizing that she will continue to be his possession that causes her heart and her soul to die. How to cite The Story of an Hour Analysis, Papers

To clone or not to clone Persuasive Essay Example For Students

To clone or not to clone Persuasive Essay On February 24, 1997, the whole world was shocked by the news that Scottish scientists had successfully cloned a sheep. Dolly an artificially cloned mammal was born a star. After the shock, that cloning was not only a possibility but a reality, wore off the out cry against human cloning began. Physicians, scientists, politicians and church leaders and many more have been trying to ban the cloning of humans ever since. Is cloning something to be afraid of? I do not believe it is. I believe that cloning will become a tool of science that will, in time, bring many benefits to humankind. We will write a custom essay on To clone or not to clone Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia describes a clone as an organism by an asexual (nonsexual) reproductive process(clone 1). This definition means that we already have many clones on the earth today. The Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia also states that the organisms known as prokaryotes (the bacteria and cyanobacteria), a number of other simple organisms, such as most protozoan, many other algae, and some yeasts, also reproduce primarily by cloning, as do certain higher organisms like the dandelion or aspen tree(clone 1). The Biology Textbook Concepts and Connections describes a clone as a single organism that is genetically identical to another(G-5). With this definition we can come to the conclusion that identical twins are also clones. Cloning then is not a new idea but one that has been around since the beginning of time. Embryo Splitting or Blastomere SeparationEmbryo splitting as Gregory Pence, a medical ethicist, writes is when an embryo that has already been formed by sexual reproduction is split into two identical halves(Flesh My Flesh: intro). The National Bioethics Advisory Committee calls this process blasotmere separation and explains that each cell, called a blastomere, is able to produce a new individual organism(15). See Appendix A figure one. Pence also writes that embryo splitting is a process that has been used for years to help infertile couples who could not produce enough embryos, it is neither a breakthrough nor startling(Flesh My Flesh: x). Nuclear Somatic Transfer or Nuclear Transplantation CloningIn nuclear somatic transfer a nucleus is taken from the cell of an already existing person and placed into a fertilized egg which has had its nucleus removed. The egg cell is then stimulated to divide and grow. Thereby producing a clone or twin of the person whose DNA was used. This is t he manner in which Dolly was created (Whos Afraid Cloning 11). Clones Are Not Always Completely IdenticalIn Embryo Splitting the clones would be identical twins. However, in Nuclear Somatic Transfer, where most of the controversy lies, a clone will not necessarily be an identical twin. The reasons for this lie in the host egg. Although the nucleus is removed, and therefore the majority of the DNA, it is impossible to remove all the DNA. The mitochondria (tiny organelles in the cell) contain tiny bits of DNA. Because of these mitochondria DNA a cloned person may not be completely identical to the person whose DNA was used(Whos Afraid Cloning 18). Please see diagram labeled figure four in appendix A. Therapeutic cloning could be used to clone any of the bodys tissues. This does not involve cloning an entire person but only the tissue needed. Please see diagram labeled the ultimate body repair kit in appendix A. In an on-line scientific magazine Andy Coghlan discusses therapeutic cloning and how it is done. He writes that therapeutic cloning would use the technique that created Dolly the sheep to grow cells for transplants that are matched to their recipients for instance to replace the brain cells lost in Parkinsons disease(1:3). Many thousands of people die every year while waiting for an organ transplant or as a result of tissue rejection. With therapeutic cloning there is no chance of rejection as it is your tissue that is cloned. Think of how wonderful it would be if one of your family members or even you yourself could be saved because of therapeutic cloning. .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 , .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .postImageUrl , .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 , .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:hover , .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:visited , .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:active { border:0!important; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:active , .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: None Provided67 EssayIn the normal reproductive process many chromosomal abnormalities can occur during meiosis in the testes of men and the ovaries of women. When this happens if the child is born it can have major birth defects. Downs Syndrome is one such defect and is a result of an extra chromosome on the 21st chromosomal pair. The risk of having a Downs Syndrome baby increases with the age of the woman wishing to have a baby. Gina Kolata points out in her book Clone thatwith cloning, such chromosomal mixups sic cannot occur,after all, you are starting with a normal cell, from a normal adult, with the proper number of chromosomes(238). Cloning would also be very beneficial to people who are carriers of such diseases as sickle-cell anemia and Tay-Sachs Disease and cystic fibrosis. As they have only one gene for these diseases and it requires two genes to have the disease they are normal healthy adults, but they would not wish to pass on these genetic defects to their children. It its report to the president of the United States the National Bioethics Advisory Commission wrote of just one such scenario where both the husband and the wife are carriers of a lethal gene. Rather than risk the one in four chance of conceiving a child who will suffer a short and painful existence, the couple considers the alternatives: to forgo rearing children; to adopt; to use prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion; to use donor gametes free of the recessive trait; or to use the cells of one of the adults and attempt to clone a child. To avoid donor gametes and selective abortion while maintaining a genetic tie to their child, they opt for cloning(85). One of the arguments, that has been heard against cloning, is that to many potential babies are lost because it takes so many embryos to make one baby. However when the septuplets were born, with fertility drugs, in November of 1997 everyone rejoiced that such a feat was possible. Everyone seems to ignore the fact that a lot of multiply-gestated babies are born disabled or dead (Flesh of my Flesh 119). What about having a baby the usual way? Professor Gregory Pence explains that at least 40% of human embryos fail to implant in normal sexual reproduction. He also noted that about 50% of the rejected embryos are chromosomally abnormal, meaning that if they were somehow brought to term, the resulting children would be mutants or suffer genetic dysfunction(Flesh of my Flesh 119). How about in vitro fertilization? Pence points out that on average in in vetro fertilization it will take 900 embryos to produce 30 babies, for an efficiency rate of 1 in 30(Flesh of my Flesh 120). The Biology P lace states that it took 277 cell fusions to produce one Dolly(Kimball 1). Please consider that Dolly is only the first of her kind and the technique will become much more efficient before it is ever tried on humans. Altogether I feel that cloning will definitely benefit humanity. It may do this by allowing people, who are not able to by other, means to have children. Cloning may be used to grow new organs for people who would otherwise die while waiting for a donor match. It may help couples, who have defective genes, to have a child that is free of birth defects and disease. I do feel however that cloning must be used with caution. Every new invention or discovery has the potential to be used improperly and immorally and it is up to us, the public, to ensure that the proper laws are put in place. We should not ban cloning just because we are afraid of it. Rather we should study it and use it as a tool to benefit not just ourselves but the whole world. .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 , .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .postImageUrl , .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 , .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:hover , .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:visited , .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:active { border:0!important; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:active , .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Life Experiences In Farewell T EssayBibliography:Pence, Gregory E., Flesh of my Flesh: the Ethics of Cloning Humans.Lanham, Boulder, New York, Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield PublishersInc., 1998. . Whos Afraid of Human Cloning. Lanham, Boulder, New York, Oxford:Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc., 1998. Campbell, Neil A., Lawrence G. Mitchell and Jane B. Reece, Biology:Concepts and Connections, Third Edition. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1999. . Kimballs Biology Essays: Can Humans Be Cloned. The Biology Place. Online. 1999. http://www.biology.com/Kimbell/C/CloningMammals.htmlEncarta EncyclopediaUnited States. National Bioethics Advisory Committee. Cloning Human Beings volume 1: Report and Recommendations.

SAY GOOD NIGHT GRACIE essays

SAY GOOD NIGHT GRACIE essays Say Goodnight, Gracie is a book written by Julie Reece Deaver. She grew up in Glen Ellyn, Illinois. This happens to be her first novel. This is a fiction book that fits into the genre of realistic fiction. The story takes place in Chicago Illinois in the late 1980s . Jimmy Woolf and Morgan Hackett, who are both seventeen have known each other their whole lives. Their mothers were high school friends. They were reunited in the maternity wing at Geneva Hospital, the week they were born. Since then, Jimmy and Morgan have been best friends. Jimmy loved to dance and Morgan likes to act. So in and out of downtown Chicago they go for classes and auditions. Morgan and Jimmy usually ditch school to make auditions and Jimmy had a big one coming up for Oklahoma. So he and Morgan went. The choreographer asked them to dance in pairs of six and he would give the good ones a call to come for the finals. Jimmy got a phone call and was asked back on Saturday. He got a call that said it was changed to Friday, so Morgan and Jimmy ditch school to go. At the theater Jimmy was real nervous and totally bombed on the audition. He was real upset and said some things to Morgan that made her cry. Then Morgan got angry and ran to the hospital to see her Aunt Lo. Her a unt is a psychiatrist. At the hospital she told her aunt the story, and Loey told her to spend the night at her house. Her aunt tells her she is having a party and to get dressed in the new clothes she bought for her. At the party, Morgan finally agrees to talk to Jimmy and they settle it with a pillow fight. Her aunt is standing in the doorway laughing because she knew they would make up. Jimmy needed to talk to Morgan and to get away from everyone they went into the living room. There, Jimmy told Morgan he was going to start working at the Childrens theater again. He asked Morgan to be an assistant and she agreed. May I say, very hesitantly. Morgan began her job in early Novem...

Profile of Huehueteotl-Xiuhtecuhtli, Aztec God of Fire

Profile of Huehueteotl-Xiuhtecuhtli, Aztec God of Fire Among the Aztec/Mexica the fire god was associated with another ancient deity, the old god. For this reason, these figures are often considered different aspects of the same deity: Huehuetà ©otl-Xiuhtecuhtli (Pronounced: Way-ue-TEE-ottle, and Shee-u-teh-COO-tleh). As with many polytheist cultures, ancient Mesoamerican people worshiped many gods who represented the different forces and manifestations of nature. Among these elements, fire was one of the first to be deified. The names under which we know these gods are Nahuatl terms, which is the language spoken by the Aztec/Mexica, so we don’t know  how earlier cultures knew these deities. Huehuetà ©otl is the â€Å"Old God†, from huehue, old, and teotl, god, whereas Xiuhtecuhtli means â€Å"The lord of Turquoise†, from the suffix xiuh, turquoise, or precious, and tecuhtli, lord, and he was considered the progenitor of all gods, as well as the patron of fire and the year. Origins Huehueteotl-Xiuhtecuhtli was an extremely important god beginning in very early times in Central Mexico. In the Formative (Preclassic) site of Cuicuilco, south of Mexico City, statues portraying an old man sitting and holding a brazier on his head or his back, have been interpreted as images of the old god and the fire god. At Teotihuacan, the most important metropolis of the Classic period, Huehuetà ©otl-Xiuhtecuhtli is one of the most often represented deities. Again, his images portray an old man, with wrinkles on his face and no teeth, sitting with his legs crossed, holding a brazier on his head. The brazier is often decorated with rhomboid figures and cross-like signs symbolizing the four world directions with the god sitting in the middle. The period for which we have more information about this god is the Postclassic period, thanks to the importance that this god had among the Aztec/Mexica. Attributes According to the Aztec religion, Huehuetà ©otl-Xiuhtecuhtli was associated with ideas of purification, transformation, and regeneration of the world through fire. As the  god of the year, he was associated with the cycle of the seasons and nature which regenerate the earth. He was also considered one of the founding deities of the world  since he was responsible for the creation of the sun. According to colonial sources, the fire god had his temple in the sacred precinct of Tenochtitlan, in a place called Tzonmolco. Huehuetà ©otl-Xiuhtecuhtli is also related to the ceremony of the New Fire, one of the most important Aztec ceremonies, which took place at the end of each cycle of 52 years  and represented the regeneration of the cosmos through the lighting of a new fire. Festivities Two major festivities were dedicated to Huehuetà ©otl-Xiuhtecuhtli: the Xocotl Huetzi ceremony, in August, associated to the underworld, the night, and the dead, and a second one which took place in the month of Izcalli, at the beginning of February, related to light, warmness and the dry season. Xocotl Huetzi: This ceremony was related to the collection of the fruits of the earth and the ritual death of plants. It involved cutting a tree and placing an image of the god on the top. Copal and food were then offered to the tree. Young men were encouraged to climb the tree to get the image and gain a reward. Four captives were sacrificed by being thrown into a fire and by having their hearts extracted.Izcalli: This second festival was dedicated to regrowth and regeneration, and the beginning of the new year. All lights were shut down at night, except for one light placed in front of the gods image, including a turquoise mask. People brought game, such as birds, lizards, and snakes, to cook and eat. Every four years, the ceremony included the sacrifice of four slaves or captives, who were dressed like the god and whose bodies were painted in white, yellow, red and green, the colors associated with the worlds directions. Images Since early times, Huehuetà ©otl-Hiuhtecuhtli was portrayed, mainly in statues, as an old man, with his legs crossed, his arms resting on his legs, and holding a lit brazier on his head or back. His face shows the signs of age, quite wrinkled and without teeth. This type of sculpture is the most widespread and recognizable image of the god and has been found in many offerings in sites such as Cuicuilco, ​Capilco, Teotihuacan, Cerro de las Mesas, and the Templo Mayor of Mexico City. However, as Xiuhtecuhtli, the god is often represented in pre-Hispanic as well as Colonial codices without these characteristics. In these cases, his body is yellow, and his face has black stripes, a red circle surrounds his mouth, and he has blue earplugs hanging from his ears. He often has arrows emerging from his headdress and holds sticks used to light fire. Sources: Limà ³n Silvia, 2001, El Dios del fuego y la regeneracià ³n del mundo, en Estudios de Cultura Nhuatl, N. 32, UNAM, Mexico, pp. 51-68.Matos Moctezuma, Eduardo, 2002, Huehuetà ©otl-Xiuhtecuhtli en el Centro de Mà ©xico, Arqueologà ­a Mexicana Vol. 10, N. 56, pp 58-63.Sahagà ºn, Bernardino de, Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva Espaà ±a, Alfredo Là ³pez Austin y Josefina Garcà ­a Quintana (eds.), Consejo Nacional para las Culturas y las Artes, Mexico 2000.

Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Portfolio - Essay Example Hence, for a nation to be in the investment map, it must necessarily improve its diplomatic relations with developed markets and to offer incentives to access investment opportunities for foreign capital (Morrisset, 2000). Economists posit that FDI can possibly be infused if a country would a bit lower its protectionist policy to improve its macroeconomic performance and permeate the increase of growth rate in its domestic economy (Harrison, 1996). This refers about the need for more effort to make a specific region more attractive for investments. It’s argued that an increase in investment auger well for sustainable economic development within the region (Harrison, 1996). Such is possible if financial resources from domestic and international finance communities are integrated within a specific region or nation which opens its borders to world economy (Morrisset, 2000). However, countries adherent to borderless economy are clothe with policies protective of foreign investors and of enhancing human capital. A country interested of maximizing FDI for economic growth must improve its system of governance and domestic economic conditions, to increase the rate of its credibility at the international scale (Aaron, 1999). Experts contend that national credibility can be earned if national leaders advocate and adapt political and economic innovation, human development, infrastructural development, and investment attractiveness (Abraham., 2005). Political innovation refers to legislation of policies that are supportive of economic liberalization, works for the removal of protectionist policies, and attracting more investments using measures such as â€Å"international incentives to invest (Anderson, Dimaranan, Francois, Hertel, Hoekman, & Martin, 2001)..† However, while these policies support international trade and foreign investment, the protective and right–based policies significant to domestic stakeholders’ interests, land utilization, and resource

Entrepreneurial Marketing Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Entrepreneurial Marketing Business Plan - Essay Example OZ Tube operates exclusively in the south-east Queensland and Brisbane. In this regard, most of the contents are meant for the local population. OZ Tube directs all its hospitality content to the youth population in these two areas. OZ Tube productions works articulately with hospitality premises and other recreational destinations in producing tailor-made video content that responds to the preferences held by the youth (Tunji, 2011). In addition, OZ Tube website provides updates on a 24/7 basis on what is happening within the local hospitality venues and any other related recreational event. All the promotional programs and videos produced by this company changes swiftly with times due to changes in the required content of the advertisement episodes in videos and in the internet. At this juncture, we can appraise the context of a dynamic process whereby OZ Tube is planning to create a new TV program named The Pulse (Tunji, 2011). Just like any other video programs hosted by OZ Tube, The Pulse carries the contents of hospitality and tourism events and venues. This is one of the contemporary TV programs aimed at facilitating delivery of promotional contents to the target generation. The Pulse will revolve around the aspect of entertainment, travel ways and recreational places. Video contents covered in the episodes aims at highlighting the main messages regarding these places at any given time. This TV program still targets the youth population of Brisbane and south-east Queensland. In this regard, the program communicates the major events happening in entertainment places and recreational facilities to the local population and in a timely manner (Frederick, 2009). In the context of entertainment, this TV program covers contents relating to any local entertainment events happening within a certain timeframe or even which theatres show whichever blockbuster movie in the market at that time. In this regard, the company’s management behind the creation and i mplementation of The Pulse requires a business plan. This business plan will serve as an indicator of the present and future state of affairs with respect to the company’s business expectations on the plan. The plan also serves to indicate fundamental aspects like financial forecasts and risks involved in the process (Frederick, 2009). Just like any other business activity, The Pulse will undergo a financial evaluation meant to test the project’s feasibility. A project is feasible if the expected results conform to the subject company’s objectives. In order to ascertain the feasibility of the project with respect to financial terms, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive financial analysis. In addition, the feasibility decision will be backed up by information concerning risk evaluation of the underlying project. One of the financial statement the will serve as a appropriate tool in the project’s financial analysis is the balance sheet. The companyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s balance sheet reflects the current assets and liabilities that pertains the business and financial statements of the underlying project. This balance sheet guides the interested stakeholders, especially external financers like the sponsors in availing funds to the Pulse. The pulse aims at producing 13 weekly episodes. Therefore, successful production of these episodes need substantial amount of finances. Financial ratios

Concept of Organisational Misbehaviour: Analysis

Concept of Organisational Misbehaviour: Analysis Organisational Misbehavior Critically evaluate the argument that organisational misbehavior is a ‘normal’ feature of organisational life Introduction The notion of organisational misbehavior can be interpreted in a lot of ways based on different perspectives, different people, shifting situations, and by the changing level of awareness and understanding on the life of an organisation. There is a primary purpose of organisations in the context of fulfilling certain individual goals. Northcraft and Neale (1990, p.5) say that people come together and form organisations because organisations can accomplish things that are beyond the reach of individuals. They come together to accomplish what each individual cannot accomplish alone. The meaning of behavior in organisations according to Northcraft and Neale revolve around managing behavior to take advantage of the performance benefits of groups over individuals. This is where the concept of a good behavior and misbehavior takes shape. Organisational Behavior Organisational behavior is a multidisciplinary definition that illustrates a number of points (Gibson et al, 2000). Some of these points relate directly to the conduct of the organisation in society. First, it indicates that the behavior of people operate at individual, group, or organisational level. This suggests that when trying to study the organisational misbehavior in the perspective of being a normal part of organisational life, it must identify clearly the levels of analysis – individual, group, and the organisation being used. Second, there’s a distinctively humanistic orientation within the organisation behavior. People’s attitudes, perceptions, learning capabilities, and objectives are important to the organisation. They provide the rich mixture for their organisation’s culture and strategies to evolve and prosper. Thirdly, the external environment is seen as having significant impact on the organisational behavior. Finally, there’s also the application orientation which concerns providing useful answers to questions that arise in the context of managing the organisation. Misbehavior is often interpreted to mean ‘bad behavior’ or a deviation from the normal norms and ethics expected of individuals and organisations. To say that organisational behavior also involves other certain kinds of misbehavior still descends to the fact that any type of behavior can be either good or bad depending on the context that it is applied to in real life situations. When this type of behavior exists and eventually prevails in any organisational setup, it would likely grow into a certain stature of normalcy and seep into conventional wisdom. In order to understand why this argument seems to make sense in the framework of an organisation’s life, it is important to first identify the different compositions of an organisation, its objectives, culture, structure, and strategies. The complexities associated with these compositions have made it virtually impossible to model and envision a ‘perfect’ organisation. Organisations have had some bouts with internal and external conflicts in one way or another. Some have mastered the arts of deception and impropriety. It is unrealistic to say that organisational misbehavior is not part of organisational life either. People in the organisation may misbehave and some people may blame the entire organisation. Others may blame specific people (especially managers) when the real shortcoming came from the organisation’s policies. Other groups within the organisation or network may deviate from agreements and norms. The organisational culture may not also be up to the times and the current business strategies may not sit well with government regulation policies and industry norms. If these things do happen (and they happen a lot), it is not viable and healthy to draw the line between laying out unspoken rules in classifying organisational behavior to be good and a bad. People and Human Behavior People make up the internal social system of the organisation (Newstrom and Davis, 1997). This system consists of individuals and groups, and large groups as well as small ones. People are the living, thinking, and feeling beings who work in the organisation to achieve their objectives. An organisational structure is filled up with people who decide and deliver the goods for the organisation. Diversity presents a lot of challenges for management to handle. When people become members of an organisation whether in official, unofficial or informal capacity, they bring with them different educational background, talents, interests, and behavior that they eventually contribute for the success or failure of the organisation. The relationship among individuals and groups in an organisation create expectations for an individual’s behavior (Gibson et al, 2000, p. 7). An individual can be presented here as the organisation itself. These expectations result in certain leadership and foll ower roles that must be performed so that there will be some kind of order and system. Collective expectations can either conform or not to standard behavior. Collective misuse of resources interests, talents, expertise, and management strategies can constitute organisation misbehavior. Punch (1996, p.1) views these misconduct as harmful to the viability of the organisation and constitutes deviance by the organisation. To put it more bluntly, organisational misbehavior eventually boils down to the issue of profits and how it should be maximized. Money has always been a central issue in any organisation and it has often been used to measure the survivability of a business. Organisational goals always take into their mainstream policy the issue of financial and economic stability and prosperity. Punch (1996, p.214) strongly suggested that formal goals of the organisation thus constitute a ‘front’ for the real goals of management which is to provide a money machine for its owners and other insiders. If it is already common and normal for criminals to use any tool or weapon to perpetuate a crime, it would also seem normal for organisations to use the organisation itself to obtain money from ‘victims’ of its misbehavior. The ‘victims’ may actually be the customers or the members themselves. It is a prime example of what is called the â€Å"organisational weapon† – the organisation is for white-collar criminals as the gun or knife is for the common criminals (Wheeler and Rothman, 1982, cited in Punch, 1996). In short, an organisation is set up for the primary purpose of making a substantial amount of money in the form of a profit and improving the quality of life for the individual members of the organisation. Organisations have systems of authority, status, and power, and people in organisations have varying needs for each system. People need money and a sense of fulfillment. People also need power to impose their will to others. People want to attain a certain level of success as measured by their status and standing in the organisation. Taken as a whole, organisations follow certain types of ethical behavior and standards defined along its objectives and future goals. It is also believed that adherence to moral standards on the job can have positive outcomes on the organisation and society by promoting strong ethical behavior in any aspects of life (Mares, 2005). This strong behavior of one organisation can be used as a strong issue against another organisation which is considered to be ‘misbehaving’ just because it was not able to adhere to certain moral standards previously attained. Organisational Structure An organisational structure defines the formal relationship and use of people in organisations. According to Newstrom and Devis (1997), different jobs are required to accomplish all of an organisation’s activities. There are managers, employees, accountants, assemblers, and others who have to be related in some structural way so that their work can be effectively coordinated. How is the structure of the organisation related to the conduct of an organisation? According to Thompson (1997, p.588), structure is the means by which the organisation seeks to achieve its strategic objectives and implement strategies and strategic changes. Assuming that these strategies and changes are concerned with relating the organisation’s resources to its goals, will these resources be used in the proper way acceptable to all in the society? If change is necessary, it is correct to point out that resistance to change can constitute another concept of misbehavior. People confronting changes in their working environments often exhibit dysfunctional behaviors like aggression, projection, and avoidance (Hirschheim, 1995 p. 160). These types of behavioral patterns affect the overall behavior of the organisation. Another thing to consider in the organisational structure is the way decision making is delegated and observed. Thompson described the extent by which a decentralized and centralized setup of management decision making is vital in adapting to strategic change. In a centralized setup, organisational misbehavior is usually highlighted at the top management level because only a handful of people are empowered to do the decision making. A decentralized setup allows decisions to be made by most people who must implement change and usually allows the organisation a more collective approach to making decisions based on what is morally and ethically correct. This statement however, does not imply that a decentralized structure eliminates instances of misbehavior. It only lessens the probability. On the other hand, a decentralized setup could empower smaller groups within the organisation to abuse their power and open the possibility of misbehavior on a smaller scale. According to Tsahuridu, specialization and division of work that occurs in organizations may make people in organizations unable to see the illegality and immorality of certain actions. Each action is a part of a chain of actions, and even though each individual act may be legitimate and moral, all the actions linked together may constitute an illegal or immoral activity, which each individual participant may be ignorant of. Organisational Objectives and Culture Organisations must have objectives in order to exist. Objectives are always centered on what is basically ‘good’ for the organisation, whether the resulting action or consequences is ‘bad’. How is organisational objectives tied to organisational behavior? Profit and growth are means to other ends rather than objectives in themselves (Acoff, 1986, cited in Thompson, 1997). There is then a question of whether profit is the ultimate objective of profit seeking business organisations or whether it is merely a means to other ends, which themselves constitute the real objectives (Thompson, 1997, p.153). Organisational behavior can be better understood by assuming whether the real goal of the organisation is to maximize profit or to provide them with a good quality of life and better standard of living. Harris and Hartman (2002, p. 75) said that an organisation’s culture consists of the values, norms, and attitudes of the people who make up the organisation. Values show what is important; norms reveal expected behavior; attitudes show the mind-set of individuals. Organisational culture therefore tells people what is important in the organisation, how to behave, and how to see things. Culture is a part of organisational life that influences the behavior, attitudes, and overall effectiveness of members (Gibson et al, 2000). Managers are usually in the forefront of formulating organisational strategies and policies. Johnson and Scholes (1997, p.79-80) argued that in formulating policies, managers should regard experience (good or bad) as constraints on developments. They say that in order to develop the organisation to cope with today’s changing environments, they need to challenge the people around them and experiment with their different ideas and conflicting views in a pluralistic approach. The job of top management therefore is to create this sort of organisation by building teams that can work in such ways through the development of the everyday behavior and culture of the organisation. All of the issues related to the organisation in general have a tendency to influence and affect the behavior of the organisation. While it is safe to assume that the notion of misbehavior in the organisation tends to focus on the ‘wrong’ or ‘negative’ side of the organisation, it is preferred that misbehavior should be ‘corrected’ and dealt with by focusing on how to manage and institute reforms in the different aspects of the organisation. This is a tall and complex order. Organisational behavior is not only influenced by the different factors previously mentioned. Management policies have a tendency to adapt to changing situations in their environments. Some organisations’ strategies may take advantage of ‘weak’ government policies and regulations and find loopholes with which they can misbehave without being noticed. Other organisations’ strategies tend to focus on covering up unethical practices with good and conv incing arguments that their actions go against standard practices but at the same time, benefit a large segment of society. Punch (1996, p.1) described the behavior of today’s organisations as problematic and worrying. He reasons out that different kinds of organisational misbehavior are often caused by managers ‘lending’ themselves to deviant activities and the inability of government, business, and regulatory agencies to control effectively such misbehavior. He explains that this was largely because the subjects of business crime and corporate deviance have been sadly neglected by criminologists and crime-fighting bodies in favor of other areas such as street crimes, low-level law enforcement, and the prison system. Almost everyday, new types of organisation misbehavior are being uncovered and brought out into the open. As these corporate scandals and other forms of financial misconduct often perpetuated by top level management are exposed, more and more sophisticated strategies and techniques are slowly being uncovered. It is quite interesting to know that one kind of misbehavior can be linked to another form of misbehavior in another corporate partner within the network of organisations. Other sets of misbehavior can involve almost all levels of the organisational hierarchy. The realities faced by an organisation are different from others. Each organisation has an identity, an objective, a strategic plan, and differing sets of policies and regulations. Harris and Hartman (2002, p. 97) said this is because the underlying premise in the ideal culture is that the formal organisation’s norms and values are to be consistent with those of the various individuals and groups within the organisation. They say that the norms and values of individuals and groups of the organisation are hostile to formal organisational goals. This is especially true to members of top-level management and the rank and file members. Their hidden values may contradict the official policies of the organisation. Sometimes, the organisation may not value the potential contribution of its members. The need to create competitive advantage for profit and growth without the proper ethical system in place can lead to drastic steps and ethically questionable decisions and actions. Some m embers of the organisation may feel the need to make reforms while others may think taking radical steps will eventually spell success. Discontentment and trouble may brew over different ‘signals’ and messages that the inner structure of the organisation send out to the outside world. It is therefore evident that culture can become very counterproductive and the basis of confidence, cooperation, and adherence to standard norms and behavior can be damaging to the overall behavior of the organisation. This is the start of the decay of organisational values and norms and provides a fertile ground for breeding misconduct and misbehavior in any front of the organisation. Conclusions Misbehavior is a normal part of an organisation’s life. It is not a question of whether it exists or not. It tends to become an issue when organisations tolerate and do nothing to correct these deviances from normal behavior and when organisations formulate policies that sheer away from ethical standards that govern them. Why is it that organisational misbehaviors tend to exist even in model companies and organisations recognized for their professional excellence? There are different ways of understanding organisational misbehavior in the context of whether it is normal or not in an organisational life. If we try to look closely at the term ‘normal’ and ‘misbehavior,’ there are two things which would come into mind. First, nothing is perfect and it is perfectly normal for people to commit mistakes, either willingly or unwillingly. People can always create rules and policies to counter certain misconduct. Organisations can always innovate and deviate from these rules in order to attain their goals. In these instances, there is no such thing as a perfect law governing businesses and there is also no such thing as a perfect business strategy. In normal instances, mistakes are part of the learning process. As this cycle continues today, organisational misbehavior has already come to the point where people have already considered it part and parcel of their everyday life. It is part of the reality of life that has something to do with existence and how mankind adapts to ongoing changes. The only thing that people consider to be an issue in organisation misbehavior is the level or degree of how it affects society. Second, in order to survive, some organisations have to take the risk, whether this will put them in the burner for good or elevate their status in the business community. These risks are normally present in their business strategies, structure, objectives, and culture. They can follow the business rules by the book and end up earning nothing or they may deviate from certain rules and norms and reap profits. Again, it is normal for organisations to take risks and reap the benefits. All of the characteristics of an organisation are linked to one another to form their own identity and behavior. People are in a social structure within the organisation and are empowered to make good or bad decisions. The structure of the organisation limits or expands the power to make decisions. Bibliography Books Gibson, James et al. (2000).Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes. 3rd edition. McGraw-Hill, Manila. Harris, J and Hartman, S. (2002). Organizational Behavior. Haworth Press. New York. Hirschheim, R.A. (1995). Office Automation: A Social and Organizational Perspective. John Wiley. Oxford Johnson, Gerry and Scholes, Kevan. (1997). Exploring Corporate Strategy.Prentice Hall. UK Newstrom, John and Davis, Keith. (1997) Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior at Work. McGraw-Hill. Northcraft, Gregory and Neale, Margaret.(1990).Organizational Behavior:A Management Challenge. Dryden Press, Florida. Punch, Maurice. (1996). Dirty Business: Exploring Corporate Misconduct. SAGE Publications, London. Thompson, John (1997).Strategic Management: Awareness and Change. 3rd Edition.International Thompson Business Press.Boston Journal Article Mares, Micheal (2005), â€Å"The Importance of Business Ethics†,Retrieved last February 26, 2005 from http://www.webcpa.com Tsuahurido, Eva, â€Å"Ethics and Integrity: What Australian Organizations Seek and Offer in Recruitment Advertisements†,Retrieved: March 3, 2005 from http://www.pamij.com/7_4/v7n4_tsahuridu.html

My Psychosocial Stage of Development Essay

My Psychosocial Stage of Development S. Pulliam April, 2011 First I would like to define psychosocial development; this is the development of the personality or the acquisition of social attitude and skill from infancy through maturity. Based on the charting from Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development, I fall into two separate categories based on my age. From the beliefs of Erickson, he believed that the achievements and failures of earlier stages influence later stages, whereas later stages modify and transform earlier ones (Erickson, 1980). The first is Young Adulthood and the second is Middle Adulthood. In the two stages from the chart the information is based on (Young adulthood) Intimacy v/s Isolation and the second one (Middle Adulthood) is based on Generativity v/s Stagnation Work and Parenthood Adults. Although there are two separate stages in the psychosocial stages that I fall under, I feel that I am at the midpoint for each and I have decided to consider both aspects in doing my psychosocial stages of development. To explain how the two stages correlate to my life, I decided in the last year to settle down and get married this is based on my young adulthood information from Erickson’s chart. The reason there is a correlation to my life based on Erickson’s chart under middle adulthood id because my life had children prior to the marriage but I am taking a more active role in being involved with activities and school when it comes to my children. In looking at my current psychosocial stage of development influence on my behavior and relationship, I find that I am a calm, and not hard to get along with even under pressure situations that has occurred with us based on my jealous tendencies and insecure ways because of previous relationship and not being with the father of my children. The influence that I see in young adulthood over my relationship is that there is a need for intimacy but not a major desire to have it on a regular basis. The isolation comes from not being so open and friendly to other males in my life or surrounding because of my relationship with my husband. I have male friends that I am social with but I do not allow the intimacy line to be crossed because of my relationship with my husband. The influence that I see in middle adulthood is the need to have a nurturing relationship with my children and creating a positive change to benefit my children lives. In looking at this I made changes in the way I approached my children and how I would not shelter them from the truth when they would ask me questions but give them true answer to their question. As small children I did not feel the need to give much explanation to my children’s questions but now I try to explain everything to them without being untruthful to them or give them false ideas about what is going on around them. To explain the positive and negative outcomes to psychosocial stages of development, I would have to say that there are many positive and negative but the few that stand out to me the most are. First negative outcome, getting over insecurities I had about the intimacy relationship that I chose to take on after breaking off a 10 year relationship with my children’s father. The second negative outcome was getting over the trust issues I had before going into the current marriage that I am in right now. The third negative outcome was getting pass the change of personality and ways I had to endure going into the marriage and getting use to a new personality and making the changes on both parts to make our marriage work to the best of our ability. Based on this information I feel that the positive outcomes to the psychosocial stages of Erickson were in a good way and I can see the difference in my life and marriage. First positive outcome was that I am able to trust again within my relationship with my husband. The second positive outcome was that I made a strong bond with my children and I have not only been a mother to my children but I am the friend that my children confide in when they have feeling they want to express. The third positive outcome I see is that I am calm and stress free with the way I deal with problem within my relationship and I am able to compromise with my spouse when we do not agree on things. In evaluating how other developmental issues have influenced my personality, I would have to say that during my early childhood life I dealt with a few attachment issues with my mother. I feel that during this stage I did not bond with my mother like most children tend to do when the mother is present because she was pre-occupied with her career as a teacher and coaching. So during this age I was in close relationship with my father and I never felt the true connection with myself and my mother like so many girls or women tend to have with a mother. Most of my time I spent with my father and aunts when I was in my early childhood age so I did not really know that much about my mother other than she coached and taught physical education. I admired what she did so I took on the quest of becoming a physical education teacher as well. In School age time I had to bare a lot of pressure in participating in sports and in my school work because the expectation was so high on me to achieve my education and athletic abilities because of what my mother represented in our community. At the same time I was pressured by other students because they felt that the only reason I made the team was because of my mother not because of my own ability. Once I graduated my goals with education were so different. I felt more of the need to help others in crisis situation so I went back to school to get my degree in mental health and social work and that is still my drive today. So from this experience I feel that I have a very strong personality in spite of the way so many tried to bring me down and I am a true fighter for what I believe in deep within my heart. My personality from what I can see is a driving force of who I am and I refuse to be compared to my mother in my quest to achieve greater feats in my life and the way I live my life. It is okay to be compared to her but I know that I could never be my mother or even like her because my drive and ambition is so different from the way she handles things. References http://www. support4change. com/stages/cycles/Erikson. html Erikson E. , 1980. Identity and the Life Cycle. Norton, New York http://currentnursing. com/nursing_theory/theory_of_psychosocial_development. html

Theme Of Manipulation In Julius Caesar - 1104 Words

When manipulation is used to achieve the goals of few, it ends up causing more damage to the lives of many. This is shown throughout the Tragedy of Julius Caesar, by guards, wives, citizens, and especially, by Cassius and Antony. Ambition is each of their flaws, and they both act as catalysts for the plot, further escalating the situation in Rome, after the death of Pompey. Wars are started, innocents are killed, and lives are ruined, due to manipulation and its impacts on others. It’s not just a fictional thing either, manipulation is everywhere, and it’s had real-life consequences. However, the tale of Julius Caesar does a great illustrating its lasting effects. As a result of the motives of Cassius and Antony, the use of manipulation to†¦show more content†¦After the murder of Caesar, Antony is filled with rage and a lust for revenge. Unlike nieve Brutus, Antony is clever, sly, and calculating, and he begs the conspirators to kill him now if they have to. Br utus doesn’t want to be seen as a butcher, and mistakenly thinks only Caesar was ambitious. Antony sees this and pretends to make peace with the conspirators. He goes up to each one of them and shakes their hand giving a similar offering of an alliance, â€Å"Let each man render me his bloody hand / First Marcus Brutus, will I shake with you.† (Shakespeare, Julius Caesar III.i.194-196) In reality, it is a hit list, of who to kill first, starting with Brutus. Once he’s gained their trust, he is allowed to speak at the funeral of Caesar, he is allowed to display the body, and he is left alone. This allows him to anger the plebeians, starting the rioting, civil war, and further tragedy. Antony’s mastery over influence and words wrongfully played off of the naivety and ignorance of the plebeians. Once Antony gained the trust of the conspirators, and was allowed to speak at Caesars, funeral to display the body, he used manipulation to control of the citizens. Antony’s speech reinforced their trust and love for Caesar while making them question whether Brutus was truly an â€Å"honourable man.† To make sure the citizens trust him, he says, â€Å"For I have neither, wit, nor words, norShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Manipulation In Julius Caesar724 Words   |  3 Pagesshowing their true colors to benefit themselves for success. Those people also usually master deception to trick others into accepting artificial personalities before revealing the truth. Shakespeare uses the character Cassius in Julius Caesar, to show how manipulation is done by demonstrating inner thoughts, the comparison of characters, and writing of letters throughout the play. For instance, the character Cassius uses his inner thoughts of to take control of Brutus’ thinking. Cassius states,Read MoreRhetoric and Betrayal in Julius Caeser Play1486 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s famous play Julius Caesar utilizes the literary element of rhetoric multiple times throughout to show the true power that words can hold. The rhetoric in Caesar accompanies the play’s themes of betrayal, deception, and exaggeration. Brutus uses rhetoric to persuade the crowd of plebeians that the murdering of Caesar was positive and beneficial to all of Rome, winning their support and causing them to join his cause. Soon after, Mark Antony gives a terrifically-persuasive speechRead MoreJulius Caesar Power Of Speech921 Words   |  4 Pageshis play, Julius Caesar, in order to verify true the theme that loyalty and respect are two of the most extremely convincing tactics. He demonstrates the power of speech as he is manipulating words in order to prove a certain point in the speaker’s favor, whoever that may be. 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Jealousy, power and war, all of which being huge bullets in the plot of the play. What to say it’s main scheme of it would have to be the conspiracy to murder the Caesar, and the conspirators that helped complete this bloody task. To do so, there were many events that led up to it, thus including the subplot. What this would’ve been most likely was Brutus’ self-struggles and inner conflicts. Julius, was defiantly not the smartest card inRead MoreJulius Caesar, by William Shakespeare and The Life of Caesar, by Plutarch882 Words   |  4 Pagesit is impossible to avoid all sources such as documents, leaders and friends. Manipulation, the ability to alter the position or influence a person, occurs everywhere one goes. Th roughout Julius Caesar by Shakespeare and The Life of Caesar by Plutarch, the theme of manipulation was revealed through countless instances showing both its sources and effects. 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Mankiewicz demonstrates these characters’ understanding through both the play’s original dialogueRead MoreThe Unexpected Surprise of Violence1009 Words   |  5 Pagesvalued once risks are taken, but the outcome is never expected. Shirley Jackson, reader of witchcraft books, horrifies people with her perspective on the understanding of merciless rituals that kept communities at ease. Shirley Jackson develops her theme of unexpected violence in her short story â€Å"The Lottery† through the use of irony, symbolism, and denouement. On a summer day in a small town in the short story, â€Å"The Lottery†, Jackson takes advantage of the peaceful environment and adds a convoluted

The Ganges River - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1012 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Gang Violence Essay Did you like this example? The Ganges River: See, Judge, Act Using the Catholic Social Teaching Method See the Ganges River: The Ganges River is approximately 1,560 miles long and is located in in India and Bangladesh. Much of the water comes from China, Tibet and Myanmar. The river is located in a large plain which includes a lot of fertile farming area.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Ganges River" essay for you Create order It is important to the hundreds of millions of people who live along its banks as a water source and for transportation, power, and food. Over four hundred million people use the river as a source for water, cooking and bathing. The river is used as a source of water for irrigation systems for their crops. It also provides water for drinking and bathing. The river supports a great number of fish species which serve as a food source for the growing population. Since the river is not too deep, it is used for transportation and moving goods with the use of flat bottom boats, small sail boats and steamer ships. It is like a highway of water for trade and people. Both India and Nepal draw hydroelectric power from the river and its tributaries. These power plants have also contributed to negative environmental impacts on animals, plants and have even forced some people to relocate. It flows from the Himalayas at about thirty miles in altitude into the Bay of Bengal. The river also flows through Bangladesh a large populated city. While the region used to be rich in forest and wildlife, it is now mostly agricultural farm land which supports the people who live along the river. Over the years, the population in the river basin has been diverse, including different ethnic, cultural, and religious groups. However, the Hindu faith has considered the river central to their faith and religious practice for centuries. It is probably one of the most revered rivers by any religion in the world. Cattle are often given free use of the river and since they are also considered a religious symbol, they are protected and allowed to roam free including eating garbage from the river. Ganges or Ganga in Hindi is important to the Hindu religion. Hindus believe the river personifies the goddess Ganga and when you bathe in the river, your sins are gone and you can be released from the cycle of life. So many followers bathe in the river. They also are buried in the river. Judge the Ganges: With the hundreds of millions of people living along the river, the pollution of the river is a major issue. Many cities pump untreated sewer into the river. Many people and cities dump raw garbage into the river hoping it will carry it away from them. With all of the farms, runoff that includes pesticides also contributes to the pollution and can affect humans and animals that use the river for drinking water or bathing. The pollution affects the plant life in and around the river. It can generate many bacteria which can make people and animals sick. The Hindu faith believes all living things are part of God and should be revere. They revere the Ganges. But how will the Ganges continue to live if everyone keeps allowing it to be polluted? Pope Francis in Laudato Si speaks about the interconnectedness of all humanity with respect to the environment (Francis, 2015). The Hindus cannot prevent the continued pollution of the river on their own. They have to get all of the people, regardless of being different religions to work together to protect the river and clean it up. Using the theory of Praxis, the followers of Hindu as well as other religions who also believe that taking care of the planet is important to their faith, need to work together to turn their ethical beliefs based on their faith into a plan of action to clean up and protect the Ganges. In the Catholic faith, Jesus would and Pope Francis would say that we should all work together to stop the pollution clean and protect the river. All life is sacred and the Catholic faith teaches that we have to take care of the planet as good stewards. We must protect the life that lives in and along the river. This includes fish, animals, plants and people. As importantly, each of us must learn about the other faith so that we can work together in a way that is not offensive, but instead look for common beliefs and values from which to take action. Pope Benedict and Pope Francis have taught that the environment belongs to all of us as it does not have any borders. Just as the Ganges flows across countries and borders, the air we breathe blows around the planet. We must be work together to solve the pollution problems and it is our responsibility to take care of pollution where ever it is as eventually, it will affect all of Gods creatures. We have an obligation to prevent that from happening. So many religions, Islam, Judaism and other believe the environment should be protected based on the tenets of their faith. The Indian government has tried many approaches to clean up the Ganges. They created various agencies and groups, but nothing has worked. Maybe the solution lies in our common faith based values and ethics. The Indian government could make the cleaning up and protection of the Ganges an exercise of faith. All of the other faiths would have to take the time to understand the Hindu faiths reverence for the Ganges, and ensure they approach the problem with the sensitivity needed to be respectful of their beliefs. But this would be a great time for the different religions to come to some understanding and work together on a real world problem, and actually solve the problem. In this way, we all put our faith into practice in real world experience and make our planet that we all must share better for all of us. We can then take this model of cooperation and use it in other places on the planet.