Biography of Samuel Alito, Supreme Court Justice

Life story of Samuel Alito, Supreme Court Justice Samuel Anthony Alito Jr. (conceived on April 1, 1950) is a Supreme Court equity who has served on the court since January 31, 2006. He is known for being one of the most traditionalist judges in current history. His epithet is Scalito in light of the fact that his political perspectives and decisions are like that of the late Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia. Quick Facts: Samuel Alito Occupation: Justice of the Supreme Court of the United StatesBorn: April 1, 1950 in Trenton, New JerseyParents: Samuel Alito and Rose (Fradusco) AlitoEducation: Princeton University, AB, 1972; Yale University, JD, 1975Key Accomplishments: National Italian American Foundation (NIAF) Special Achievement Award for Public ServiceSpouse: Martha-Ann (Bomgardner) Alito Children: Philip and LauraOffbeat Fact: Alito is aâ longtime devotee of the Philadelphia Phillies. Early Life and Education Samuel Alito Jr. was destined to Samuel Alito Sr. what's more, Rose (Fradusco) Alito on April 1, 1950 in Trenton, New Jersey. His dad was an Italian foreigner and his mom was Italian-American. Them two filled in as teachers. As a youngster, Samuel Alito Jr. experienced childhood in suburbia and went to a government funded school. He took an interest in a wide scope of clubs and was the valedictorian of his senior class. After secondary school, he went to Princeton University, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in history and political theory. Alito then took a crack at Yale Law School and graduated with a Juris Doctor in 1975. Early Career Alito fantasized sitting on the Supreme Court when he was still at Princeton, yet it would be many years before he accomplished that objective. Somewhere in the range of 1976 and 1977, Alito filled in as a law representative for Leonard I. Garth, a Nixon-delegated judge on the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. In 1977, Alito accepting work as the Assistant US Attorney for the District of New Jersey, and in 1981, he started filling in as the Assistant to the US Solicitor General. Alito held this activity until 1985, when he became Deputy Assistant to the US Attorney General. In 1987, President Ronald Reagan designated Alito as the US Attorney for the District of New Jersey. Alito kept on climbing the positions in the courts. In 1990, he was designated to the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit in Newark, New Jersey by President George H.W. Bramble. A couple of months after the designation, the Senate collectively affirmed Alito with a voice vote. He would fill in as an adjudicator on this court for a long time. During that time, he had a record of giving preservationist assessments. For instance, he was of the sentiment that ladies ought to be required to inform their spouses about arranged premature births and was the main disagreeing voice in a third Circuit deciding that struck down a Pennsylvania law, known as the Pennsylvania Abortion Control Act of 1982. Preeminent Court Nomination Sandra Day OConnor, the principal lady to serve on the US Supreme Court, resigned in 2006. She was a traditionalist, Reagan-designated Justice. Despite the fact that she agreed with the other moderate judges much of the time, she wasnt consistently unsurprising in her choices and was ordinarily seen as the swing vote. When OConnor declared her retirement, Republicans sought after a progressively moderate substitution. President George W. Shrub initially assigned John Roberts for the seat, however pulled back the selection. Harriet Miers was President Bushs second designation, yet she pulled back when it became apparent that there was boundless restriction to her assignment. President Bush assigned Samuel Alito for OConnors seat on October 31, 2005. The American Bar Associations Standing Committee on Federal Judiciary gave Alito an all around qualified rating, which is the most noteworthy rating that can be gotten. Numerous traditionalists and professional life advocates cheered the selection, yet not every person upheld Alito. Democrats communicated worry that he was a hard right traditionalist, and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) officially restricted the designation. The Senate in the long run affirmed Alitos selection in a 58-42 vote. Alito was confirmed as a partner equity to the US Supreme Court on January 31, 2006. Heritage During his residency as a Supreme Court equity, Alito has demonstrated to be a dependable moderate vote. He has utilized his translation of the law and his political philosophies to move the law to one side in a few territories, including womens regenerative rights and strict freedom. Probably the greatest cases he has dealt with during his Supreme Court residency incorporate Burwell v. Diversion Lobby, Morse v. Frederick, and Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Inc. Every year, the Supreme Court takes on blockbuster cases identified with probably the most troublesome issues in the nation. This implies Justice Samuel Alito has a lot of chances to add to his inheritance and leave his ideological imprint. Sources Gorod, Tom Donnelly Brianne. â€Å"None to the Right of Samuel Alito.†Ã‚ The Atlantic, 30 Jan. 2016, www.theatlantic.com/governmental issues/document/2016/01/none to one side of-samuel-alito/431946/.Houck, Aaron M., and Brian P. Smentkowski. â€Å"Samuel A. Alito, Jr.†Ã‚ Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 29 June 2018, www.britannica.com/history/Samuel-An Alito-Jr.â€Å"Samuel Alito Fast Facts.†Ã‚ CNN, Cable News Network, 28 Mar. 2018, www.cnn.com/2013/02/03/us/samuel-alito-quick realities/index.html.

Working More and Feeling Better – Journal Article Summary

Reference Schnittker, Jason. 2007. â€Å"Working More and Feeling Better: Women’s Health, Employment, and Family Life, 1974-2004. American Sociological Review 72(2):221-238. This examination explores the connection between women’s business and wellbeing not at all like different investigations, which have utilized emotional well-being as the result. The examination addresses tended to in this investigation were: Has the wellbeing of ladies improved or declined? Has the sexual orientation hole in wellbeing adjusted and, provided that this is true, why?Does incorporating long work hours with thinking about a youngster lessen the connection among business and wellbeing and, assuming this is the case, have current work-family designs limited any additions in wellbeing? Schnittker remembered changes for structure (e. g. , are more ladies enduring since more ladies are joining their occupations with bringing up a kid) and changes in affiliation (e. g. , do the checked upgrad es in wellbeing identified with business exercise with the introduction of a kid). The adjustments in arrangement and changes in affiliation were inspected with total patterns in health.The free factors in this examination were women’s work hours, training and family pay. The needy variable was self-evaluated wellbeing. Detailed work hours were isolated into four classes and the reference classification was â€Å"not working† for this examination. A few control factors were, too, that are identified with getting patterns. Training was separated into four classifications with â€Å"less than high school† as the reference class. Family salary utilized a consistent of $1, 986 dollars.Schnittker broke down whether youngsters were in the home as opposed to centering what number of kids as a result of the different work-family changes and various degrees of obligation that accompany children’s various ages. For this examination, separate sham factors were utili zed having a kid younger than 6 and having a youngster somewhere in the range of 6 and 17 years of age with having no kids younger than 18 years of age by and by in the home. The examination utilized information from the total General Social Survey (GSS) taken between 1974-2004. The GSS is spoken to broadly and utilizes a zone likelihood sample.The overview asked responders to self-rate their wellbeing as poor, reasonable, food, or astounding. Self-evaluated wellbeing predicts sexual orientation contrasts, is a pointer of bleakness and indicator of mortality. Discoveries from the GSS were checked utilizing the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) taken between 1997-2004. The NHIS additionally gave information concerning the present wellbeing patterns. Information from the NHIS was created by close to home in-home meetings. The patterns in the sexual orientation wellbeing hole in this investigation utilized controls for year, sex, connections among sex and year, and age and age-sq uared.Age and age-squared were utilized to represent the maturing populace, which is crucial for this examination since there are sex contrasts in future. Discoveries propose that the sex hole shut essentially during the 30-year time frame. Women’s self-wellbeing has altogether improved and men’s self-appraised wellbeing somewhat expanded until 1990. Men’s self-appraised wellbeing has been on a consistent decrease since the time at that point. These outcomes propose a connection between the patterns in women’s developing self-appraised wellbeing and the sex hole closing.Once Schnittker utilized controls for instruction in his investigation it indicated that the upgrades in women’s wellbeing can be inferable from training. At the point when instruction was supplanted with business status and family pay it demonstrated that a portion of the upgrades in women’s wellbeing can be credited to the ascent in women’s work, yet not close as muc h as training. The connection between work-family examples and wellbeing were inspected when Schnittker presented whether the responder had a kid. His discoveries additionally show that work hours and having a small kid are very related.He discovered that having a youngster under 6 causes a decrease in livelihoods positive effects on wellbeing. Controls for money somewhat decreased the negative relationship. Discoveries concerning the connection between work hours and having a youngster in the home show that fathers report developed self-evaluated wellbeing when working all day and mothers’ self-appraised wellbeing radically diminished. All the more prominently, the discoveries show that the two people report more awful self-appraised wellbeing when the consolidate work with bringing up children.Out of every autonomous variable, the one that affected the lessening of the sexual orientation hole was business. Training, work hours, and having a youngster all influenced the end of the sex hole, yet not as essentially as business. Schnittker’s discoveries likewise recommend that self-evaluated wellbeing for ladies would improve considerably more if their normal work hours were exactly the same as men’s normal work hours. Another outstanding discovering comes out of the incorporation of family salary. His discoveries propose that if the wages of ladies were equivalent to the bets of men their self-evaluated wellbeing would improve significantly.He likewise found that the development of the time tie has smothered women’s self-appraised wellbeing, particularly lately. (Schnittker 2007; 233). He additionally found that the time tie just marginally smothered women’s self-evaluated wellbeing and that in the long haul, more ladies working and accomplishing more significant levels of instruction have had substantially more of an effect on their self-appraised wellbeing. Schnittker’s results show that instruction and business are t o a great extent affecting the sexual orientation hole. Schnittker’s study demonstrates that women’s wellbeing on normal was accounted for to be more regrettable than men’s.The factors which he traits the distinction self-appraised wellbeing are the patterns identified with women’s expanded nearness in the work power and the expansion in the quantity of ladies a more significant levels on instruction. Schnittker’s study is astounding. His discoveries are solid explanations behind change to happen with the business terms of ladies today. Self-evaluated wellbeing is sketchy since it is â€Å"self-rated†. Additionally, the term â€Å"health† in the investigation could be physical wellbeing or psychological well-being. Schnittker traits the His work demonstrates that more research is required around there of study.

Review English Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises

Review English Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises English Grammar in Use (Supplementary Exercises) isnt the sort of book that one reviews, so I will keep this brief.Freshly updated for 2019, this book complements the new fifth edition of English Grammar in Use by providing additional practice exercises for students to work through. And exercises are all you get here there arent any explanations provided.The exercises are fine. They seem to be more contextualized than in the main book, which means they are more likely to take the form of emails, dialogs and articles. Thats a great choice for a supplementary book that digs deeper than a primary classroom textbook.The exercises in the book are match the units in the main book, but since this is a shorter book it combines units. Note that these arent always sequential (it starts with five pages of exercises about units 1-4 and 19 and 25), but the groupings are logical and obvious.Overall, I do recommend this book to intermediate level students and teachers just as long as you already h ave the main book.I should also mention that unlike the main book, this one is in black and white and is printed on non-glossy paper. That means it is much cheaper.Finally, I havent seen the fourth edition of the book, so I dont know exactly how much it has been updated. Anyways, that edition seems to be selling for even more than this one, so I guess you dont need to bother with it.

400 Million Years of Shark Evolution

If you went back in time and looked at the first, unremarkable prehistoric sharks of the Ordovician period--about 420 million years ago--you might never guess that their descendants would become such dominant creatures, holding their own against vicious marine reptiles like pliosaurs and mosasaurs and going on to become the apex predators of the worlds oceans. Today, few creatures in the world inspire as much fear as the Great White Shark, the closest nature has come to a pure killing machine--if you exclude Megalodon, which was 10 times bigger. Before discussing shark evolution, though, its important to define what we mean by shark. Technically, sharks are a suborder of fish whose skeletons are made out of cartilage rather than bone; sharks are also distinguished by their streamlined, hydrodynamic shapes, sharp teeth, and sandpaper-like skin. Frustratingly for paleontologists, skeletons made of cartilage dont persist in the fossil record nearly as well as skeletons made of bone--which is why so many prehistoric sharks are known primarily (if not exclusively) by their fossilized teeth. The First Sharks We dont have much in the way of direct evidence, except for a handful of fossilized scales, but the first sharks are believed to have evolved during the Ordovician period, about 420 million years ago (to put this into perspective, the first tetrapods didnt crawl up out of the sea until 400 million years ago). The most important genus that has left significant fossil evidence is the difficult-to-pronounce Cladoselache, numerous specimens of which have been found in the American midwest. As you might expect in such an early shark, Cladoselache was fairly small, and it had some odd, non-shark-like characteristics--such as a paucity of scales (except for small areas around its mouth and eyes) and a complete lack of claspers, the sexual organ by which male sharks attach themselves (and transfer sperm to) the females. After Cladoselache, the most important prehistoric sharks of ancient times were Stethacanthus, Orthacanthus, and Xenacanthus. Stethacanthus measured only six feet from snout to tail but already boasted the full array  of shark features: scales, sharp teeth, a distinctive fin structure, and a sleek, hydrodynamic build. What set this genus apart were the bizarre, ironing-board-like structures atop the backs of males, which were probably somehow used during mating. The equally ancient Stethacanthus and Orthacanthus were both fresh-water sharks, distinguished by their small size, eel-like bodies, and odd spikes protruding from the tops of their heads (which may have delivered jabs of poison to bothersome predators). The Sharks of the Mesozoic Era Considering how common they were during the preceding geologic periods, sharks kept a relatively low profile during most of the Mesozoic Era,  because of intense competition from marine  reptiles like ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs. By far the most successful genus was Hybodus, which was built for survival: this prehistoric shark had two types of teeth, sharp ones for eating fish and flat ones for grinding mollusks, as well as a sharp blade jutting out of its dorsal fin to keep other predators at bay. The cartilaginous skeleton of Hybodus was unusually tough and calcified, explaining this sharks persistence both in the fossil record and in the worlds oceans, which it prowled from the Triassic to the early Cretaceous periods. Prehistoric sharks really came into their own during the middle Cretaceous period, about 100 million years ago. Both Cretoxyrhina (about 25 feet long) and Squalicorax (about 15 feet long) would be recognizable as true sharks by a modern observer; in fact, theres direct tooth-mark evidence that Squalicorax preyed on dinosaurs that blundered into its habitat. Perhaps the most surprising shark from the Cretaceous period is the recently discovered Ptychodus, a 30-foot-long monster whose numerous, flat teeth were adapted to grinding up tiny mollusks, rather than large fish or aquatic reptiles. After the Mesozoic After the dinosaurs (and their aquatic cousins) went extinct 65 million years ago, prehistoric sharks were free to complete their slow evolution into the remorseless killing machines we know today. Frustratingly, the fossil evidence for the sharks of the Miocene epoch (for example) consists almost exclusively of teeth--thousands and thousands of teeth, so many that you can buy yourself one on the open market for a fairly modest price. The Great White-sized Otodus, for example, is known almost exclusively by its teeth, from which paleontologists have reconstructed this fearsome, 30-foot-long shark. By far the most famous prehistoric shark of the Cenozoic Era  was Megalodon, adult specimens of which measured 70 feet from head to tail and weighed as much as 50 tons. Megalodon was a true apex predator of the worlds oceans, feasting on everything from whales, dolphins, and seals to giant fish and (presumably) equally giant squids; for a few million years, it may even have preyed on the equally ginormous whale Leviathan. No one knows why this monster went extinct about two million years ago; the most likely candidates include climate change and the resulting disappearance of its usual prey.

U.s. A Multicultural Country - 1045 Words

In terms of diversity, the U.S. contains a lot of history, which makes them what they are now. Both the U.S. as well as Latin America were colonies, achieved independence movements and were directly influenced by countries like Spain and France. The difference relies that in the U.S., these European countries remained for a longer period of time, making the U.S. a multicultural country. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Queens, a major area of New York City is considered to be â€Å"the most diverse place on the planet† (Colangelo). There is also the Diversity Visa Program, in which the U.S. randomly allocates 55,000 visas around the world. In this program, people from six geographic regions can register for the lottery and there†¦show more content†¦There are mostly no prejudices against religion and skin color, most of the Latin people gather together and find ways to support each other, no matter where they are, they like to keep in touch and help th e ones with less experience. Overall this supportive characteristic of Latin people should be applied to the U.S. culture in order to create a more unified country and improve the way their society develops. This could help stop riots, mass shootings and violence acts towards people from different religion which has been increasing in the U.S. in the last 5 years. The sentiment of integration and inclusion is something the U.S. hasn’t developed yet. In the case of Latin culture, whenever they feel they are not being respected and that their differences are not taken into consideration, their sentiment of integration towards the American culture decreases and there is when riots and protests trigger. But on the other side, when these people are taking into account as part of the U.S. many things including economy, safety and legal issues have positive effects. Although, at some point people from Latin America are running away from their country because of political and economi c problems, there should be agreements, which are the reforms in the immigration policies in order to stop this cycle and create better andShow MoreRelatedAssignment 2 : A Multicultural Society807 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment 2: The Application Paper Keitha Williams October 18, 2017 Argosy University Assignment 2: The Application Paper A multicultural society is where a diverse group of races, cultures, and different ethical background coexist together in a country, state, city, community or neighborhoods. Basically, a ground of people from different backgrounds living together in the same community. Multiculturalism is when these diverse groups have the same rights and treatment in societyRead MoreMulticultural Psychology Paper1094 Words   |  5 PagesMulticultural Psychology Paper Multicultural Psychology Paper Multicultural psychology is the systematic study of all aspects of human behavior as it occurs in settings where people of different cultural backgrounds encounter each other. Multiculturalism has been considered a fourth force in the field of psychology, supplementing behaviorism, psychodynamic theories, and humanistic psychology. It explores such topics as differences in worldviews and in means of communication; the acculturationRead MoreEducating Through A Multicultural Perspective Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesEducating Through a Multicultural Perspective What the Research Says? Defining Multicultural Education The United States serves as a culturally rich country who opens its arms to individuals from many different ethnicities, backgrounds, and life experiences. 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The Story of an Hour Analysis Free Essays

On â€Å"The Story of an Hour† â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† a short story by Kate Chopin, details the events of the short hour when Mrs. Mallard finds out her husband has died, only to see him walking through the door. Chopin makes it clear through the structure of the story that the irony of these events is no coincidence; there is conflict when people are oppressed and their soul has no joy or freedom. We will write a custom essay sample on The Story of an Hour Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is clear in the exposition that Mrs. Mallard is afflicted with heart trouble, implying she is weak, both physically and emotionally. Her sister Josephine and her husband’s friend, Richard, know how fragile she is so, â€Å"great care was taken† to break the news of Mr. Mallard’s death. Following the news of her husband’s death, Mrs. Mallard, â€Å"wept at once†¦in her sister’s arms,† showing her dependence on others. As the immediate feeling of grief spent itself, she went up to her room to be alone with her thoughts. Although she is at first weak, someone who is completely emotionally unstable would not be so willing to go be alone in her room to grief. There is obviously some want to be self dependent and free. The story’s rising action builds through a series of scenery descriptions. After Mrs. Mallard has gone up to her room, she faces an open window. The blue sky â€Å"showing here and there† and â€Å"countless sparrows† twittering outside were mentioned, symbolizing happiness and peace. Mrs. Mallard is then described by the narrator as a woman with â€Å"a dull stare in her eyes,† as she fixed her gaze on the blue sky, as if finally realizing that they were there. The details of the rising actions transition into the climax, where Mrs. Mallard feels an emotion â€Å"approaching to possess her. † After the realization that â€Å"there would be no one to live for† for the rest of her life Mrs. Mallard continues to whisper under her breath, â€Å"Free! Body and soul free! † This moment is filled with joy; however a turn of events could be predicted to come soon as she prayed â€Å"that life might be long. † At the falling action of the story, Mrs. Mallard leaves the room with the open window with a â€Å"feverish triumph in her eyes. † She is unquestionably a confident and new woman as she walks down the stairs with her sister. The story concludes with the denouement in which Brently Mallard enters the front door, unharmed. The shock of his homecoming is extremely evident through Josephine’s â€Å"piercing cry† and Richard quickly trying to block him from the view of his wife. Mrs. Mallard apparently has a heart attack and dies â€Å"of the joy that kills. † By the time Mrs. Mallard realizes that because her husband has died she will now be able to experience the joy of freedom, â€Å"the face of this possession† has unexpectedly walked in through the door. Although most would expect the weak Mrs. Mallard to die when hearing the news of her husband’s death, it is seeing him alive and realizing that she will continue to be his possession that causes her heart and her soul to die. How to cite The Story of an Hour Analysis, Papers

To clone or not to clone Persuasive Essay Example For Students

To clone or not to clone Persuasive Essay On February 24, 1997, the whole world was shocked by the news that Scottish scientists had successfully cloned a sheep. Dolly an artificially cloned mammal was born a star. After the shock, that cloning was not only a possibility but a reality, wore off the out cry against human cloning began. Physicians, scientists, politicians and church leaders and many more have been trying to ban the cloning of humans ever since. Is cloning something to be afraid of? I do not believe it is. I believe that cloning will become a tool of science that will, in time, bring many benefits to humankind. We will write a custom essay on To clone or not to clone Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia describes a clone as an organism by an asexual (nonsexual) reproductive process(clone 1). This definition means that we already have many clones on the earth today. The Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia also states that the organisms known as prokaryotes (the bacteria and cyanobacteria), a number of other simple organisms, such as most protozoan, many other algae, and some yeasts, also reproduce primarily by cloning, as do certain higher organisms like the dandelion or aspen tree(clone 1). The Biology Textbook Concepts and Connections describes a clone as a single organism that is genetically identical to another(G-5). With this definition we can come to the conclusion that identical twins are also clones. Cloning then is not a new idea but one that has been around since the beginning of time. Embryo Splitting or Blastomere SeparationEmbryo splitting as Gregory Pence, a medical ethicist, writes is when an embryo that has already been formed by sexual reproduction is split into two identical halves(Flesh My Flesh: intro). The National Bioethics Advisory Committee calls this process blasotmere separation and explains that each cell, called a blastomere, is able to produce a new individual organism(15). See Appendix A figure one. Pence also writes that embryo splitting is a process that has been used for years to help infertile couples who could not produce enough embryos, it is neither a breakthrough nor startling(Flesh My Flesh: x). Nuclear Somatic Transfer or Nuclear Transplantation CloningIn nuclear somatic transfer a nucleus is taken from the cell of an already existing person and placed into a fertilized egg which has had its nucleus removed. The egg cell is then stimulated to divide and grow. Thereby producing a clone or twin of the person whose DNA was used. This is t he manner in which Dolly was created (Whos Afraid Cloning 11). Clones Are Not Always Completely IdenticalIn Embryo Splitting the clones would be identical twins. However, in Nuclear Somatic Transfer, where most of the controversy lies, a clone will not necessarily be an identical twin. The reasons for this lie in the host egg. Although the nucleus is removed, and therefore the majority of the DNA, it is impossible to remove all the DNA. The mitochondria (tiny organelles in the cell) contain tiny bits of DNA. Because of these mitochondria DNA a cloned person may not be completely identical to the person whose DNA was used(Whos Afraid Cloning 18). Please see diagram labeled figure four in appendix A. Therapeutic cloning could be used to clone any of the bodys tissues. This does not involve cloning an entire person but only the tissue needed. Please see diagram labeled the ultimate body repair kit in appendix A. In an on-line scientific magazine Andy Coghlan discusses therapeutic cloning and how it is done. He writes that therapeutic cloning would use the technique that created Dolly the sheep to grow cells for transplants that are matched to their recipients for instance to replace the brain cells lost in Parkinsons disease(1:3). Many thousands of people die every year while waiting for an organ transplant or as a result of tissue rejection. With therapeutic cloning there is no chance of rejection as it is your tissue that is cloned. Think of how wonderful it would be if one of your family members or even you yourself could be saved because of therapeutic cloning. .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 , .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .postImageUrl , .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 , .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:hover , .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:visited , .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:active { border:0!important; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:active , .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: None Provided67 EssayIn the normal reproductive process many chromosomal abnormalities can occur during meiosis in the testes of men and the ovaries of women. When this happens if the child is born it can have major birth defects. Downs Syndrome is one such defect and is a result of an extra chromosome on the 21st chromosomal pair. The risk of having a Downs Syndrome baby increases with the age of the woman wishing to have a baby. Gina Kolata points out in her book Clone thatwith cloning, such chromosomal mixups sic cannot occur,after all, you are starting with a normal cell, from a normal adult, with the proper number of chromosomes(238). Cloning would also be very beneficial to people who are carriers of such diseases as sickle-cell anemia and Tay-Sachs Disease and cystic fibrosis. As they have only one gene for these diseases and it requires two genes to have the disease they are normal healthy adults, but they would not wish to pass on these genetic defects to their children. It its report to the president of the United States the National Bioethics Advisory Commission wrote of just one such scenario where both the husband and the wife are carriers of a lethal gene. Rather than risk the one in four chance of conceiving a child who will suffer a short and painful existence, the couple considers the alternatives: to forgo rearing children; to adopt; to use prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion; to use donor gametes free of the recessive trait; or to use the cells of one of the adults and attempt to clone a child. To avoid donor gametes and selective abortion while maintaining a genetic tie to their child, they opt for cloning(85). One of the arguments, that has been heard against cloning, is that to many potential babies are lost because it takes so many embryos to make one baby. However when the septuplets were born, with fertility drugs, in November of 1997 everyone rejoiced that such a feat was possible. Everyone seems to ignore the fact that a lot of multiply-gestated babies are born disabled or dead (Flesh of my Flesh 119). What about having a baby the usual way? Professor Gregory Pence explains that at least 40% of human embryos fail to implant in normal sexual reproduction. He also noted that about 50% of the rejected embryos are chromosomally abnormal, meaning that if they were somehow brought to term, the resulting children would be mutants or suffer genetic dysfunction(Flesh of my Flesh 119). How about in vitro fertilization? Pence points out that on average in in vetro fertilization it will take 900 embryos to produce 30 babies, for an efficiency rate of 1 in 30(Flesh of my Flesh 120). The Biology P lace states that it took 277 cell fusions to produce one Dolly(Kimball 1). Please consider that Dolly is only the first of her kind and the technique will become much more efficient before it is ever tried on humans. Altogether I feel that cloning will definitely benefit humanity. It may do this by allowing people, who are not able to by other, means to have children. Cloning may be used to grow new organs for people who would otherwise die while waiting for a donor match. It may help couples, who have defective genes, to have a child that is free of birth defects and disease. I do feel however that cloning must be used with caution. Every new invention or discovery has the potential to be used improperly and immorally and it is up to us, the public, to ensure that the proper laws are put in place. We should not ban cloning just because we are afraid of it. Rather we should study it and use it as a tool to benefit not just ourselves but the whole world. .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 , .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .postImageUrl , .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 , .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:hover , .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:visited , .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:active { border:0!important; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:active , .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Life Experiences In Farewell T EssayBibliography:Pence, Gregory E., Flesh of my Flesh: the Ethics of Cloning Humans.Lanham, Boulder, New York, Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield PublishersInc., 1998. . Whos Afraid of Human Cloning. Lanham, Boulder, New York, Oxford:Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc., 1998. Campbell, Neil A., Lawrence G. Mitchell and Jane B. Reece, Biology:Concepts and Connections, Third Edition. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1999. . Kimballs Biology Essays: Can Humans Be Cloned. The Biology Place. Online. 1999. http://www.biology.com/Kimbell/C/CloningMammals.htmlEncarta EncyclopediaUnited States. National Bioethics Advisory Committee. Cloning Human Beings volume 1: Report and Recommendations.